Nature's Paris? Key outcomes and measures of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (COP15) (January 2023)
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Introduction
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Agreement was reached by 190 countries on the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) on 19 December 2022, after two weeks of negotiations at COP15 in Montreal.
A key pillar of the GBF is a '30 by 30' pledge, with countries agreeing to protect 30% of land and water by 2030. This has led to the GBF being hailed by some as the Paris for nature, a comparison to the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 which saw agreement for the first time on a common goal to cut greenhouse gas emissions. This briefing considers some of the key targets in the GBF.
