This review considers some of the emerging global themes and highlights recent international developments. We also explore what 2020 is likely to mean for the global regulatory outlook and the steps businesses should be taking now to minimise the risks arising from their use of AI.

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This paper identifies specific private international law issues with respect to contract law that may arise when trading derivatives in a DLT environment and proposes recommendations on how these issues might be clarified or resolved.

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This fully revised, updated and expanded edition of the industry standard text takes the reader through the complete life cycle of a syndicated loan. Beginning with the opening phase of mandating a lead bank, Syndicated Lending delves through negotiation, documentation, syndication and closing transactions to conclude with the secondary market.

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The governments and agencies within the greater China region have continued at their respective pace with the advancement of China’s green financing. Over the course of the past five years, regulators in the greater China region, including those of Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, have announced and implemented a number of policies and guidelines in support of the overall policy direction on green financing.

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The focus of financial markets regulators and central banks is increasingly falling on climate change and the green economy, and in particular the resilience of the financial system to climate-related risks.

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The European Commission launched its Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth (the Action Plan) in March 2018. This plan is comprehensive and ambitious, with three broad aims: (1) to reorient capital flows towards a more sustainable economy: (2) to maintain sustainability in risk management and (3) to foster transparency and long-termism.

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This briefing outlines the four priority areas the FCA has identified and notes some of the issues that may arise.

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This Guide provides an overview of financial regulations applicable at the end of 2019 in the twenty largest African jurisdictions by GDP and brings together the collective knowledge and experience of Clifford Chance and its local relationships across the African continent.

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This Guide is designed to provide you with an overview of the relevant law in the diverse legal systems that operate across Europe. It provides you with a resource to assist in ensuring that transactions (whether being originated or restructured or enforced) are structured in a way that maximises returns whilst minimising risks and exposures

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In this year’s publication we try to distill the lessons learned to date about the Securitisation Regulation regime. We identify areas of remaining uncertainty, some key issues market participants should be thinking about when developing their own approaches, and some solutions that are already beginning to emerge.

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This guide contains discussion and analyses of major actions, cases and trends that have taken place over the past year. This edition also incorporates observations regarding trends in CFTC and DOJ enforcement priorities and tactics.

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This publication takes stock of the progress made under the Commission's Sustainable Action Plan .

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The purpose of this guide is to provide an up-to-date overview of the anti-corruption regimes in Asia Pacific. Each section features a summary of the key pieces of local legislation and provides guidance on how businesses operating in each of the featured countries should best deal with anti-corruption compliance.

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A look at what has been happening in the last year in the UK and the current issues in the UK market

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This Clifford Chance Guide to anti-corruption legislation, by focusing on ten key questions, aims to elucidate both the differences and the similarities in anti-corruption laws around the world.

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Looking ahead at trends that may shape M&A in 2019.

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This guide (available in English and in Chinese) describes the main techniques which issuers in Asia Pacific, who are considering liability management either in the context of an active debt capital restructuring or financial distress situation, might employ. It also highlights some of the legal issues that they and their financial advisors will need to take into account.

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This edition provides an introduction to renewable energy incentives in 21 jurisdictions across the globe. It also contains a detailed analysis article focusing on the emergence of new funding models for investment in green infrastructure, including the increased use of Corporate power purchase agreements for renewable electricity and the development of a new market for green finance products.

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In this publication we provide a legal perspective on some of the most pressing issues for the infrastructure industry, with features covering topics that between them touch on all aspects of the infrastructure lifecycle.

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The primary intention of this guide is to provide a valuable point of reference for the directors, executives and shareholders of a company seeking admission of its shares to the Official List and to trading on the London Stock Exchange's Main Market. The guide identifies legal and practical issues that commonly arise on IPOs, including where, as part of the offer, it is intended to access the US capital markets.

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Covering 13 different jurisdictions within the Asia Pacific region, the guide is intended to provide you with a resource to meet your needs whether at the start of a transaction to ensure it is structured in a way to maximise returns, or when looking to exit by minimising risks and exposures, wherever they arise.

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The trading of loans can raise complex legal issues, particularly in relation to guarantees and security, withholding tax, confidentiality and regulation. On cross border transactions, the local laws of each relevant jurisdiction also need to be considered. In response to rising volumes of loan trading activity in the US and European secondary loan markets, Clifford Chance has prepared a guide which provides an overview of the principal local law issues to consider when trading loans in the secondary loan markets across 18 key jurisdictions.

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This Guide provides an overview of taking security in Vietnam, outlining the key issues in taking security, the enforcement process, issues relating to specific assets and financing structures and issues for international lenders and foreign entities

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Historically, commercial bank lending has been the major source of debt for real estate developers and investors in the Middle East as there has been an absence of alternative sources of debt. The growth of this alternative sector, private lending (defined as non-bank debt), forms the focus of this paper which aims to provide a better understanding of the private real estate debt market in the UAE and KSA by addressing the current condition of the market and giving insights on its potential growth and the opportunities it will present to both lenders and borrowers.

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There have, over the last year, been clear signs of a sustainable revival in the securitisation markets. Even though the Securitisation Regulation does not apply until next year, there has already been a notable increase in the use of securitisation techniques, both for more traditional public securitisations and for financing portfolio acquisitions and private transactions generally. This is partly to do with the improved political environment for securitisation, but also helped along by macroeconomic factors, such as improvements in global economic growth, rate rises in the United States and expected rate rises in Europe.

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This survey provides information about initial public offerings (IPOs) of equity securities in the United States which were registered during 2017 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) by companies in the health care sector and listed on a US exchange (such as Nasdaq).

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This Guide provides an overview of takeovers of public companies in Germany, including the acquisition of a stake in a German public company and launching (or defending) a formal takeover offer.

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This report, commissioned from The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) with support from Clifford Chance, examines the impact of Brexit on SMEs, large corporates and investors and in particular, their use of wholesale banking and capital markets services and is intended to provide feedback for policymakers during the forthcoming discussions on the future relationship between the European Union and the UK.

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The use of technology to deliver, enhance or “disrupt” financial services is transforming the sector. Whether you are an established institution upgrading the existing financial services that you offer, a new entrant launching a groundbreaking product, or a regulator or an industry body considering whether the current regime is fit for purpose, this overview will help you navigate the complex regulatory framework for fintech products across Asia Pacific.

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The securitisation markets are operating in a very different geopolitical and macroeconomic environment to the one that prevailed this time last year. Events have pushed markets in some unexpected – and not always welcome – directions. In this year's edition of our annual securitisation publication, we attempt to survey the scene, covering the major changes in regulation, while maintaining a definite market focus.

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This anti-bribery and corruption review looks at recent developments in some of the jurisdictions around the world where we have offices, focusing particularly on changes to legislation, both recent and proposed, and on prosecutions and enforcement trends.

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There has been a swathe of regulation targeting financial crime in recent years, in developed and developing markets across the globe, and as gatekeepers to the global financial system, banks are very much on the regulatory front-line. At the same time, civil and criminal enforcement action by regulators has become increasingly aggressive.

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This publication provides information on the EU legislative process and how to track the progress of EU legislation.

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This publication provides an overview of the reserved alternative investment fund, a new type of Luxembourg investment vehicle. Among other issues it considers investment policy and restrictions, structural features and legal aspects, the setting up procedure, transparency requirements, marketing and taxation.

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If we are to reach our goal of vibrant, well-functioning securitisation markets around the world we’ve little choice but to continue travelling through the tangled forest of regulation. Unfortunately the path is not clear and is often difficult to follow. We hope the reflections in this volume help provide you with a few signposts to guide you and show, at least, the direction of travel.

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This guide presents an overview of approaches to mediation in 47 jurisdictions covering six continents, with input from across Clifford Chance’s global network as well as from respected local counsel in other jurisdictions.

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Bank Resolution and Crisis Management, Law and Practice by Simon Gleeson and Randall Guynn

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Since the financial crisis, there has been a seemingly never-ending evolution of the insolvency regimes across the key European Member States. In this playbook, Adrian Cohen, Co-ordinating Partner of our European Restructuring and Insolvency Practice, talks to some of our colleagues from around the network about the new pre-insolvency procedures that have been introduced and the impact which those procedures are having in practice

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This jargon buster is designed to provide an overview of key legal terms used when doing business in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and in its various free zones. It has been limited to general definitions that are of most interest.

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This guide is designed to provide an overview of key considerations for doing business in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) outside of the various free zones. It has been limited to a general description of areas that are of most interest.

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This document seeks to examine some of the regulatory considerations arising from the Rupee Bond Guidelines that need to be taken into account in the structuring of a Masala bond offering, as well as certain issues that may arise in bringing a Masala bond to the international debt capital markets successfully.

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Export Credit Agency ("ECA") supported financing has enabled shipbuilders in developed countries to offer more competitive terms and an alternative source of finance to purchasers for many years by helping them to access attractive financing terms that would otherwise be unavailable to them

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A year ago, things were looking very uncertain and concerning for securitisation and structured debt. In both America and the EU, new regulations were being introduced that threatened to make securitisation a less attractive product for originators and investors.

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This May 2015 Article looks at PEPP market initiatives and outlines some of the key terms of the LMA PEPP documents.

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The guide provides a country-by-country overview of litigation procedures and processes in Asia-Pacific, Continental Europe, the Middle East, United Kingdom and United States of America.

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This article, written by members of our Trusts team, focuses on some of the prominent changes in approach and consequent effect for trustees in agreeing to amendments, waivers and consents and the changing landscape in which trustees operate in the capital markets.

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This Guide has been produced and coordinated by Clifford Chance LLP. It is designed to provide an overview of key considerations for leveraged finance transactions in Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

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This briefing unpacks the main implications of the proposed new regimes and looks at the steps banks, building societies, credit unions and PRA regulated investment firms can take at this stage to map out their response to the proposals and begin to adjust their governance arrangements.

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The period since the financial crisis has seen a torrent of new regulation and legislation cascading through the financial markets. No corner of the industry remains entirely untouched and securitisation and structured debt is no exception – indeed it is among the most affected.

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This guide is designed to provide an overview of key considerations for doing business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia). It has been limited to a general description of areas that are of most interest.

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This publication in our series exploring the re-emerging securitisation market considers new regulations in Europe and the US that impact securitisation and issues that have emerged in the implementation of that regulation.

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This publication is part of our series exploring the re-emerging securitisation market.

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This publication in our series exploring the re-emerging securitisation market contains our collected views on how aspects of the post-credit crisis structured debt market should be reflected in legal documentation and market practice going forward.

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The severe warnings on climate change demonstrate the urgent need to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.

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